國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院

亮點報導

Highlights

臺大研發全球獨步無蜂王授粉技術蜂王費洛蒙取代蜂巢蜂王

昆蟲系楊恩誠研究團隊解決瓜果農授粉困境

無蜂王蜂箱也可以在溫室內進行瓜果授粉的任務! 國立臺灣大學昆蟲系教授楊恩誠研究團隊，完成智慧農業創新，以蜂王費洛蒙取代蜂巢內的蜂王，未來將產業化解決瓜果農長期找不到蜜蜂授粉之困境。

台大生農學院昆蟲系教授楊恩誠研究團隊於3月27日在台大農業陳列館，舉辦「溫網室授粉有解！無蜂王授粉技術開發與應用」成果發表記者會，以跨領域的創新研究，利用蜂王費洛蒙取代蜂巢內的蜂王，解決瓜農苦愁找不到蜂源授粉困境，而目前在國際上類似研究並不多見。

台大生農學院副院長林裕彬表示，此研究成果發表集結行政院國科會補助台大三年期計畫，及台大高等教育深耕計畫，研究成果深具學術研究與落實農業實質應用。，而目前在國際上類似研究並不多見。

楊恩誠教授說，教科書上都說內勤工蜂轉化成外勤蜂須時20至25天，但他「丟掉教科書」，嘗試在蜂箱內不放蜂王及幼蟲，只放育雛費洛蒙及工蜂，結果第一次就成功，內勤蜂只要3至5天就成功變成外勤蜂，出外採蜜授粉。

楊恩誠表示，他帶領的研究團隊，利用蜂王費洛蒙取代蜂巢內的蜂王，並將此無蜂王蜂箱應用於溫室內進行授粉的任務，目前已知可利用不同的操作方式，將欲授粉蜂箱內的外勤蜂移除乾淨再將蜂箱移入溫室內，可有效避免大量外勤蜂撞棚死亡的情形。

研究發現可直接使用含工蜂的巢脾加上費洛蒙，即可在溫室內穩定蜂群並進行授粉。而在栽種美濃瓜0.1分地的溫室內，測試無蜂王授粉蜂箱的效果，結果可知溫室授粉所需的蜜蜂數量不需太多，即可完成授粉的工作。

楊恩誠說，傳統的授粉方式為使用一整箱餞群，蜜蜂數量遠超過授粉所需的數量，因此農戶需要開蜂箱餵食蜜蜂，而容易被蜜蜂攻擊。

而他們研究結果發現，使用費洛蒙可讓蜂箱內只存有一片巢脾的蜂，即可以達成蜂群穩定，因此可有效降低溫室內蜜蜂的數量並且完成授粉的任務。且經測試單一個費洛蒙使用於單巢脾蜂箱內，可長達3個月還具有穩定蜂群的功能。

由於授粉需求蜜蜂的數量不需要到一整箱，所以傳統的蜂箱不適用於無蜂王授粉的模式，因此該研究計畫設計開發只裝2巢脾的紙蜂箱，使用於溫室內進行授粉工作。目前已將包含無蜂王授粉技術的紙蜂箱應用於全台45間溫網室10種作物進行授粉試驗，包含洋香瓜、美濃瓜、絲瓜、苦瓜、大黃瓜、小黃瓜、百香果、蜜棗、櫛瓜、西瓜，初步結果皆獲得很好的授粉成效。

圖片說明：臺大昆蟲系楊恩誠教授，研發全球獨步無蜂王授粉技術蜂王費洛蒙取代蜂巢蜂王。

圖片說明：楊恩誠研究團隊於3月27日在台大農業陳列館，舉辦「溫網室授粉有解！無蜂王授粉技術開發與應用」成果發表記者會。（右五：台大副校長丁詩同、右四：昆蟲系教授楊恩誠、左五：台大生農學院副院長林裕彬、右二：生農學院副院長李達源）

表一、無蜂王授粉模式與傳統蜂箱授粉模式之比較

圖一、蜜蜂於洋香瓜花朵上授粉

圖二、於棗子園放置無蜂王授粉蜂箱

圖三、於苦瓜溫室放置無蜂王授粉蜂箱

圖四、蜜蜂於美濃瓜花朵上授粉

圖五、美濃瓜掛果

圖七、於苦瓜網室放置無蜂王授粉蜂箱

https://www.agriharvest.tw/archives/99114

https://udn.com/news/amp/story/7266/7058992

https://ctee.com.tw/industrynews/technology/833171.html

https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20230327001940-260405?chdtv

https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%8F%B0%E5%A4%A7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%8D%B2%E5%B0%88%E5%88%A9-%E6%BA%AB%E5%AE%A4%E6%8E%88%E7%B2%89%E7%84%A1%E8%9C%82%E7%8E%8B%E4%B9%9F%E8%A1%8C%E5%BE%97%E9%80%9A-040733048.html

https://www.chinatimes.com/campus/20230328003536-262301?chdtv

https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/4252436

Smart Agriculture Innovation ～

Queen Pheromones Replace Queen

En-Cheng Yang's research team from the Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, solves the pollination dilemma of melon and fruit farmers.

The queen-free beehive can also perform the task of pollinating melons and fruits in the greenhouse! The research team of Professor En-Cheng Yang of the Department of Entomology of National Taiwan University has completed the innovation of smart agriculture, replacing the queen in the beehive with queen pheromones, which will be industrialized in the future to solve the long-term problem of melon and fruit farmers couldn't find the bee pollination dilemma.

En-Cheng Yang, a professor of the Department of Entomology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture at National Taiwan University, said that the research team he led intends to replace the queen in the hive with queen pheromones and apply this queen-free beehive to the pollination in the greenhouse. Our new operation can effectively avoid many foraging bees' death and attempts to escape from the greenhouse.

The study found that the honey bees are stabilized in the greenhouse by directly using the comb containing worker bees and pheromone. The effect of pollinating with a queen-free beehive was tested in a greenhouse of two thousand square meters of cantaloupe melons. Our results showed that only a small number of bees are required for pollination in the greenhouse.

Professor Yang said that the traditional pollination method uses a whole hive of bees, and the number of bees far exceeds the number required for pollination. Therefore, farmers need to open the beehive to feed the bees, which are quickly attacked by the bees.

This research found that using queen pheromones allows only one comb of bees in the hive, which can achieve colony stability, thus effectively reducing the number of bees in the greenhouse and completing the task of pollination. It has been tested that the queen pheromone used in a single hive comb can stabilize the colony for three months.

Since the number of bees required for pollination does not need a whole colony, we designed a carton beehive with only two combs used for pollination in the greenhouse. Currently, carton beehives with queen-free pollination technology have been applied to 10 crops in 45 greenhouses in Taiwan for pollination experiments, including cantaloupe, muskmelon, loofah, bitter gourd, cucumber, gherkin, passion fruit, jujube, zucchini and watermelon, the preliminary results have achieved good pollination results.

圖片說明：臺大昆蟲系楊恩誠教授，研發全球獨步無蜂王授粉技術蜂王費洛蒙取代蜂巢蜂王。

Table 1. Comparison between queen-free pollination pattern and traditional beehive pollination pattern

Figure 1. Honey bees pollinate cantaloupe flowers

Figure 2. Place carton beehives with queen-free pollination in the jujube greenhouse

Figure 3. Place a carton beehive with queen-free pollination in the bitter gourd greenhouse

Figure 4. Honey bees pollinate muskmelon flowers

Figure 5. muskmelon fruiting

Figure 6. Cantaloupe fruiting

Figure 7. Place a carton beehive with queen-free pollination in the bitter gourd greenhouse